Translation Studies and XML: Biblical Translations in Byzantine Judaism, a Case Study

All definitions of translation describe this process as involving\r\ntwo or more texts running in parallel that are considered to\r\nbe, in a sense, equivalent to each other. When producing a\r\ntranslation, a source text is divided into syntactic units and each\r\nof them is then translated. The translation can be either literal,\r\ni.e. it mirrors the structure of the original text very closely, or\r\nfree, i.e. it ignores the original structure and translates freely.\r\nBecause languages diverge greatly in their syntax, the structure\r\nof a language A can not be fully mapped on a language B, since\r\nthe outcome in B may be incomprehensible. Besides, cultures\r\ndiffer greatly as to the degree of freedom/literalness tolerated\r\nin translation.