TY - JOUR
T1 - The S100B story: from biomarker to active factor in neural injury
AU - Michetti, Fabrizio
AU - D'Ambrosi, Nadia
AU - Toesca Di Castellazzo, Amelia
AU - Puglisi, Maria Ausiliatrice
AU - Serrano, Alessia
AU - Marchese, Elisa
AU - Corvino, Valentina
AU - Geloso, Maria Concetta
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - S100B is a Ca 2+ -binding protein mainly concentrated in astrocytes. Its levels in biological fluids (cerebrospinal fluid, peripheral and cord blood, urine, saliva, amniotic fluid) are recognized as a reliable biomarker of active neural distress. Although the wide spectrum of diseases in which the protein is involved (acute brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, congenital/perinatal disorders, psychiatric disorders) reduces its specificity, its levels remain an important aid in monitoring the trend of the disorder. Mounting evidence now points to S100B as a Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern molecule which, when released at high concentration, through its Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts, triggers tissue reaction to damage in a series of different neural disorders. This review addresses this novel scenario, presenting data indicating that S100B levels and/or distribution in the nervous tissue of patients and/or experimental models of different neural disorders, for which the protein is used as a biomarker, are directly related to the progress of the disease: acute brain injury (ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke, traumatic injury), neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis), congenital/perinatal disorders (Down syndrome, spinocerebellar ataxia-1), psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, mood disorders), inflammatory bowel disease. In many cases, over-expression/administration of the protein induces worsening of the disease, whereas its deletion/inactivation produces amelioration. This review points out that the pivotal role of the protein resulting from these data, opens the perspective that S100B may be regarded as a therapeutic target for these different diseases, which appear to share some common features reasonably attributable to neuroinflammation, regardless their origin. (Figure presented.).
AB - S100B is a Ca 2+ -binding protein mainly concentrated in astrocytes. Its levels in biological fluids (cerebrospinal fluid, peripheral and cord blood, urine, saliva, amniotic fluid) are recognized as a reliable biomarker of active neural distress. Although the wide spectrum of diseases in which the protein is involved (acute brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, congenital/perinatal disorders, psychiatric disorders) reduces its specificity, its levels remain an important aid in monitoring the trend of the disorder. Mounting evidence now points to S100B as a Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern molecule which, when released at high concentration, through its Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts, triggers tissue reaction to damage in a series of different neural disorders. This review addresses this novel scenario, presenting data indicating that S100B levels and/or distribution in the nervous tissue of patients and/or experimental models of different neural disorders, for which the protein is used as a biomarker, are directly related to the progress of the disease: acute brain injury (ischemic/hemorrhagic stroke, traumatic injury), neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis), congenital/perinatal disorders (Down syndrome, spinocerebellar ataxia-1), psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, mood disorders), inflammatory bowel disease. In many cases, over-expression/administration of the protein induces worsening of the disease, whereas its deletion/inactivation produces amelioration. This review points out that the pivotal role of the protein resulting from these data, opens the perspective that S100B may be regarded as a therapeutic target for these different diseases, which appear to share some common features reasonably attributable to neuroinflammation, regardless their origin. (Figure presented.).
KW - Biochemistry
KW - Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
KW - DAMP
KW - S100B
KW - biomarker
KW - neuroinflammation
KW - Biochemistry
KW - Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
KW - DAMP
KW - S100B
KW - biomarker
KW - neuroinflammation
UR - https://publicatt.unicatt.it/handle/10807/131706
UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85056247079&origin=inward
UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85056247079&origin=inward
U2 - 10.1111/jnc.14574
DO - 10.1111/jnc.14574
M3 - Article
SN - 0022-3042
VL - 148
SP - 168
EP - 187
JO - Journal of Neurochemistry
JF - Journal of Neurochemistry
IS - 2
ER -