TY - JOUR
T1 - The Hierarchical Contribution of Organic vs. Conventional Farming, Cultivar, and Terroir on Untargeted Metabolomics Phytochemical Profile and Functional Traits of Tomato Fruits
AU - Rocchetti, Gabriele
AU - Senizza, Biancamaria
AU - Zengin, Gokhan
AU - Bonini, Paolo
AU - Bontempo, Luana
AU - Camin, Federica
AU - Trevisan, Marco
AU - Lucini, Luigi
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - In this work, the impact of terroir, cultivar, seasonality, and farming systems on functional traits of tomato was hierarchically investigated. Untargeted metabolomics, antioxidant capacity, colorimetric assays, and enzyme inhibition were determined. The total phenolic and carotenoid contents significantly varied between growing years, whereas an interaction between the farming system and growing year (p < 0.01) was observed for total phenolics, carotenoids, and flavonoids, and for acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Hierarchical clustering showed that geographical origin and growing year were the major contributors to the differences in phytochemical profiles. Nonetheless, supervised modeling allowed highlighting the effect of the farming system. Several antioxidants (L-ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, and 7,3′,4′-trihydroxyflavone) decreased, whereas the alkaloid emetine and phytoalexin phenolics increased under organic farming. Taken together, our findings indicate that cultivar and pedo-climatic conditions are the main determinants for the functional quality of tomato, whereas the farming system plays a detectable but hierarchically lower.
AB - In this work, the impact of terroir, cultivar, seasonality, and farming systems on functional traits of tomato was hierarchically investigated. Untargeted metabolomics, antioxidant capacity, colorimetric assays, and enzyme inhibition were determined. The total phenolic and carotenoid contents significantly varied between growing years, whereas an interaction between the farming system and growing year (p < 0.01) was observed for total phenolics, carotenoids, and flavonoids, and for acetylcholinesterase inhibition. Hierarchical clustering showed that geographical origin and growing year were the major contributors to the differences in phytochemical profiles. Nonetheless, supervised modeling allowed highlighting the effect of the farming system. Several antioxidants (L-ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, and 7,3′,4′-trihydroxyflavone) decreased, whereas the alkaloid emetine and phytoalexin phenolics increased under organic farming. Taken together, our findings indicate that cultivar and pedo-climatic conditions are the main determinants for the functional quality of tomato, whereas the farming system plays a detectable but hierarchically lower.
KW - Solanum lycopersicumL
KW - antioxidants
KW - functional quality
KW - metabolomics
KW - organic farming
KW - polyphenols
KW - Solanum lycopersicumL
KW - antioxidants
KW - functional quality
KW - metabolomics
KW - organic farming
KW - polyphenols
UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10807/232286
U2 - 10.3389/fpls.2022.856513
DO - 10.3389/fpls.2022.856513
M3 - Article
SN - 1664-462X
VL - 13
SP - N/A-N/A
JO - Frontiers in Plant Science
JF - Frontiers in Plant Science
ER -