Teaching endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography cannulation

In the last two decades, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has evolved\r\nfrom a diagnostic procedure to an almost exclusively therapeutic one. Contemporaneously, many different\r\ncatheters have become available for cannulation and special techniques have also been developed for difficult\r\ncases. ERCP is a skill demanding procedure that can lead to severe complications and death. Teaching ERCP\r\nis the most difficult task in an endoscopic training program. Training programs in ERCP must be effective,\r\nstandardized and structured. Furthermore, robust standards for certification and revalidation are required to\r\nensure ERCP as effective and as safe as possible.