TY - JOUR
T1 - Subchronic exposure to palladium nanoparticles affects serum levels of cytokines in female Wistar rats
AU - Iavicoli, I.
AU - Iavicoli, Ivo
AU - Fontana, Luca
AU - Leso, Veruscka
AU - Corbi, Maddalena
AU - Marinaccio, A.
AU - Leopold, K.
AU - Schindl, R.
AU - Lucchetti, Donatella
AU - Calapà, Federica
AU - Sgambato, Alessandro
PY - 2018
Y1 - 2018
N2 - Recently, palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) have been increasingly used in many industrial sectors, and this has led to a significant release of nano-sized palladium particles into the environment. However, despite the increase in occupational and general population exposure, information on the potential adverse effects of these PdNPs is still limited and their impact on the immune system constitutes a major health concern. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential adverse effects induced by subchronic intravenous administration of PdNPs on the immune system of female Wistar rats by evaluating alterations in Interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), Interferon (INF)-γ, and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α serum levels. Exposed and control animals were randomly divided into five groups (0, 0.012, 0.12, 1.2, and 12 μg PdNPs per kg body weight) which were treated with repeated intravenous injections of vehicle or PdNPs (on day 1, 30, and 60). Subchronic exposure to PdNPs induced a decreasing trend in serum levels in most of the cytokines investigated, with the highest concentration (12 μg/kg) determining significant inhibitory effects. Overall, these results showed that PdNPs are able to alter cytokine serum levels in subchronically treated Wistar rats, suggesting a possible impact of these xenobiotics on the immune system after long-term exposures.
AB - Recently, palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) have been increasingly used in many industrial sectors, and this has led to a significant release of nano-sized palladium particles into the environment. However, despite the increase in occupational and general population exposure, information on the potential adverse effects of these PdNPs is still limited and their impact on the immune system constitutes a major health concern. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential adverse effects induced by subchronic intravenous administration of PdNPs on the immune system of female Wistar rats by evaluating alterations in Interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), Interferon (INF)-γ, and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α serum levels. Exposed and control animals were randomly divided into five groups (0, 0.012, 0.12, 1.2, and 12 μg PdNPs per kg body weight) which were treated with repeated intravenous injections of vehicle or PdNPs (on day 1, 30, and 60). Subchronic exposure to PdNPs induced a decreasing trend in serum levels in most of the cytokines investigated, with the highest concentration (12 μg/kg) determining significant inhibitory effects. Overall, these results showed that PdNPs are able to alter cytokine serum levels in subchronically treated Wistar rats, suggesting a possible impact of these xenobiotics on the immune system after long-term exposures.
KW - Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
KW - Palladium
KW - Toxicology
KW - cytokines
KW - immune system
KW - nanoparticles
KW - rats
KW - subchronic exposure
KW - Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
KW - Palladium
KW - Toxicology
KW - cytokines
KW - immune system
KW - nanoparticles
KW - rats
KW - subchronic exposure
UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10807/122387
UR - http://het.sagepub.com/archive/
U2 - 10.1177/0960327117702952
DO - 10.1177/0960327117702952
M3 - Article
SN - 0960-3271
VL - 37
SP - 309
EP - 320
JO - HUMAN & EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY
JF - HUMAN & EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY
ER -