TY - JOUR
T1 - Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in the pediatric and adolescent population
AU - Logroscino, Giandomenico
AU - Mazza, Osvaldo
AU - Aulisa, Angelo Gabriele
AU - Pitta, L
AU - Pola, Enrico
AU - Aulisa, Lorenzo
PY - 2001
Y1 - 2001
N2 - This article is a review of
spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis
in younger age groups. Since Herbinaux
first described the pathology
(1782), many classifications and theories
of etiopathogenesis have been
proposed. The congenital and isthmic
types, as classified by Wiltse,
are the most frequent in younger age
groups, but the postsurgical progressive
forms (3–5%) have been described
as increasing in frequency
secondary to neoplastic surgery in
children. The general incidence is
4–5% at the age of 6 years, and in
30–50% of cases these types do not
progress to spondylolisthesis. Most
cases are asymptomatic (80%). Standard
radiographic examinations
(A–P, L, Oblique) are helpful in diagnosis
and can suggest what the
prognosis will be in terms of the
evolution, and also what treatment is
indicated (degree of slippage, slip
angle, lumbar and lumbosacral index,
SPTI). A bone scan (PBS and
SPECT) is useful in the early stages
of spondylolysis (pre-spondylosis).
Although the CT scan is the most accurate
examination, MRI is becoming
important for diagnosis because
of the frequency with which it is
used as a primary investigation
method. Depending on patient age,
progression, degree of slippage, and
symptoms, different therapeutic approaches
have been proposed
AB - This article is a review of
spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis
in younger age groups. Since Herbinaux
first described the pathology
(1782), many classifications and theories
of etiopathogenesis have been
proposed. The congenital and isthmic
types, as classified by Wiltse,
are the most frequent in younger age
groups, but the postsurgical progressive
forms (3–5%) have been described
as increasing in frequency
secondary to neoplastic surgery in
children. The general incidence is
4–5% at the age of 6 years, and in
30–50% of cases these types do not
progress to spondylolisthesis. Most
cases are asymptomatic (80%). Standard
radiographic examinations
(A–P, L, Oblique) are helpful in diagnosis
and can suggest what the
prognosis will be in terms of the
evolution, and also what treatment is
indicated (degree of slippage, slip
angle, lumbar and lumbosacral index,
SPTI). A bone scan (PBS and
SPECT) is useful in the early stages
of spondylolysis (pre-spondylosis).
Although the CT scan is the most accurate
examination, MRI is becoming
important for diagnosis because
of the frequency with which it is
used as a primary investigation
method. Depending on patient age,
progression, degree of slippage, and
symptoms, different therapeutic approaches
have been proposed
KW - Adolescent
KW - Arthrodesis
KW - Child
KW - Humans
KW - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
KW - Spondylolisthesis
KW - Spondylolysis
KW - Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
KW - Tomography, X-Ray Computed
KW - Adolescent
KW - Arthrodesis
KW - Child
KW - Humans
KW - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
KW - Spondylolisthesis
KW - Spondylolysis
KW - Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
KW - Tomography, X-Ray Computed
UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10807/87227
U2 - 10.1007/s003810100495
DO - 10.1007/s003810100495
M3 - Article
SN - 0256-7040
VL - 17
SP - 644
EP - 655
JO - Child's Nervous System
JF - Child's Nervous System
ER -