Safety profile of the interleukin-1 inhibitors anakinra and canakinumab in real life clinical practice: a nationwide multicenter retrospective observational study

A few studies have reported the safety profile of interleukin (IL)-1 blockers from real life. The aim of this study is to describe\r\nanakinra (ANA) and canakinumab (CAN) safety profile in children and adults, based on data from a real-life setting. Demographic,\r\nclinical, and therapeutic data from patients treated with ANA and CAN were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Four hundred\r\nand seventy five patients were enrolled; ANA and CAN were prescribed in 421 and 105 treatment courses, respectively. During a\r\nmean follow-up of 24.39 ± 27.04 months, 89 adverse events (AE) were recorded; 13 (14.61%) were classified as serious AE (sAE).\r\nThe overall estimated rate of AE and sAE was 8.4 per 100 patients/year. Safety concerns were more frequent among patients aged ≥\r\n65 years compared with patients < 16 years (p = 0.002). No differences were detected in the frequency of safety concerns between\r\nmonotherapy and combination therapy with immunosuppressants (p = 0.055), but a significant difference was observed when\r\ninjection site reactions were excluded from AE (p = 0.01). No differences were identified in relation to gender (p = 0.462), different\r\nlines of biologic therapy (p = 0.775), and different dosages (p = 0.70 ANA; p = 0.39 CAN). The overall drug retention rate was\r\nsignificantly different according to the occurrence of safety concerns (p value < 0.0001); distinguishing between ANA and CAN,\r\nsignificance was maintained only for ANA (p < 0.0001 ANA; p> 0.05 CAN). Treatment duration was the only variable associated\r\nwith onset of AE (OR = 0.399 [C.I. 0.250–0.638], p = 0.0001). ANA and CAN have shown an excellent safety profile; the risk for\r\nAE and sAE tends to decrease over time from the start of IL-1 inhibition.