TY - JOUR
T1 - Risk assessment and reduction options for Ceratocystis platani in the EU
AU - Jeger, Michael
AU - Bragard, Claude
AU - Chatzivassiliou, Elisavet
AU - Dehnen-Schmutz, Katharina
AU - Gilioli, Gianni
AU - Miret, Josep Anton Jaques
AU - Macleod, Alan
AU - Navarro, Maria Navajas
AU - Niere, Bj€Orn
AU - Parnell, Stephen
AU - Potting, Roel
AU - Rafoss, Trond
AU - Urek, Gregor
AU - Van Bruggen, Ariena
AU - Van Der Werf, Wopke
AU - West, Jonathan
AU - Winter, Stephan
AU - Santini, Alberto
AU - Tsopelas, Panagiotis
AU - Vloutoglou, Irene
AU - Pautasso, Marco
AU - Rossi, Vittorio
PY - 2016
Y1 - 2016
N2 - Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Plant Health (PLH) Panel performed a risk
assessment for Ceratocystis platani in the EU with the aim to assess the effectiveness of risk reduction
options (RROs) on the basis of the mechanisms of spread identified in the pest categorisation (natural
and human-assisted means, including waterways, root anastomosis, contaminated pruning tools,
machinery, insects, contaminated insect frass and sawdust). C. platani is a destructive pathogen of
Platanus trees, which is currently present in the EU (in France, Greece and Italy). Three scenarios were
considered: the current situation (A0 scenario); the situation without RROs (A1); and the application of
additional RROs (A2). The risk of new introductions into the EU of C. platani by means of the main
pathways of entry (i.e. plants for planting, wood and machinery, e.g. construction machinery and
pruning/cutting tools) is relatively limited, but about 250 times higher for the A1 scenario compared to
the A2 scenario (median numbers of established populations). The risk of spread from already affected
EU regions is higher, but varies depending on the scenario. Machinery is the most important mechanism
of long-distance spread. Focusing the additional RROs in A2 scenario on this mechanism of spread –
which is not currently regulated – would be an effective way to reduce the likelihood of further spread
and thus impacts of C. platani to not yet affected EU regions. The emergency measures applied by the
C. platani-affected EU Member States (France, Greece and Italy) could be harmonised and improved.
An enhanced programme could be developed which includes surveillance, early detection of the disease
foci, effective eradication measures and planting resistant Platanus clones in new plantations in affected
areas. Surveillance could also be intensified in the EU MSs not yet known to be affected by the disease.
AB - Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Plant Health (PLH) Panel performed a risk
assessment for Ceratocystis platani in the EU with the aim to assess the effectiveness of risk reduction
options (RROs) on the basis of the mechanisms of spread identified in the pest categorisation (natural
and human-assisted means, including waterways, root anastomosis, contaminated pruning tools,
machinery, insects, contaminated insect frass and sawdust). C. platani is a destructive pathogen of
Platanus trees, which is currently present in the EU (in France, Greece and Italy). Three scenarios were
considered: the current situation (A0 scenario); the situation without RROs (A1); and the application of
additional RROs (A2). The risk of new introductions into the EU of C. platani by means of the main
pathways of entry (i.e. plants for planting, wood and machinery, e.g. construction machinery and
pruning/cutting tools) is relatively limited, but about 250 times higher for the A1 scenario compared to
the A2 scenario (median numbers of established populations). The risk of spread from already affected
EU regions is higher, but varies depending on the scenario. Machinery is the most important mechanism
of long-distance spread. Focusing the additional RROs in A2 scenario on this mechanism of spread –
which is not currently regulated – would be an effective way to reduce the likelihood of further spread
and thus impacts of C. platani to not yet affected EU regions. The emergency measures applied by the
C. platani-affected EU Member States (France, Greece and Italy) could be harmonised and improved.
An enhanced programme could be developed which includes surveillance, early detection of the disease
foci, effective eradication measures and planting resistant Platanus clones in new plantations in affected
areas. Surveillance could also be intensified in the EU MSs not yet known to be affected by the disease.
KW - Forest pathology
KW - Platanus
KW - machinery
KW - phytosanitary regulation
KW - plants for planting
KW - wood trade
KW - Forest pathology
KW - Platanus
KW - machinery
KW - phytosanitary regulation
KW - plants for planting
KW - wood trade
UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10807/93786
U2 - 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4640
DO - 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4640
M3 - Article
SN - 1831-4732
VL - 14
SP - 1
EP - 65
JO - EFSA Journal
JF - EFSA Journal
ER -