Policies for the Circular Economy: the Case of Paper Industry

The circular economy is considered by international institutions such as the United Nations and the European Union as the most urgent strategy to orient the economic development model towards sustainability. To find concrete applications, the circular economy requires greater awareness in consumers and businesses The Italian paper industry, which boasts high levels of competitiveness at an international level, has initiated important restructuring and rationalization processes over the last decade with a view to recycling and sustainability. Only the final phase of the production process is yet to comply with all circular economy criteria, that is, the recovery of production waste (pulper). Hence, the actual technological and strategic challenge of the paper industry is to phase out landfilling of recyclable waste and implement energy recovery strategies, as well as promoting the use of renewable sources