TY - JOUR
T1 - Pediatric oropharyngeal microbiome: Mapping in chronic tonsillitis and tonsillar hypertrophy
AU - Galli, Jacopo
AU - Calo', Lea
AU - Posteraro, Brunella
AU - Rossi, Giorgia
AU - Sterbini, Francesco Paroni
AU - Paludetti, Gaetano
AU - Sanguinetti, Maurizio
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - Objectives: Aim of our study was to map the adenotonsillar lymphoid tissues’ microbiome identifying its potential etiopathogenetic role in children affected by chronic tonsillitis or tonsillar hypertrophy with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS). Methods: In our study, we examined tonsillar swabs from healthy children and children affected by chronic tonsillitis or by tonsillar hypertrophy with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS). Microbiome's analysis was performed and bacterial 16Sr RNA gene was sequenced according to metagenomic principles. Variability was described according to the biodiversity concept, indicating species found in a certain environment and changes they undergo adapting to different environmental conditions. Results: The most significant differences concern variation of microbes in a single sample (alpha diversity) of some phyla in children affected by chronic tonsillitis compared with alpha diversity in healthy children and in children affected by OSAS with tonsillar hyperplasia. Proteobacteria are prevalent in chronic tonsillitis group, Fusobacteria and Spirochete in OSAS and Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were found in healthy children. Finally, comparison between the groups showed that children with OSAS with tonsillar hypertrophy had a higher presence of the Fusobacterium genus. Conclusion: Recurrent upper airway inflammatory and/or infectious processes are polymicrobial; chronicity of such processes appear to be related to variations in microbiome's composition and interaction among various taxonomic units. Knowledge of the microbiomes’ composition together with traditional clinical biomarkers can also determine relationships between oropharyngeal microbiome and systemic pathologies to determine preventive changes in lifestyle, eating habits, environmental exposure and use of probiotics.
AB - Objectives: Aim of our study was to map the adenotonsillar lymphoid tissues’ microbiome identifying its potential etiopathogenetic role in children affected by chronic tonsillitis or tonsillar hypertrophy with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS). Methods: In our study, we examined tonsillar swabs from healthy children and children affected by chronic tonsillitis or by tonsillar hypertrophy with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS). Microbiome's analysis was performed and bacterial 16Sr RNA gene was sequenced according to metagenomic principles. Variability was described according to the biodiversity concept, indicating species found in a certain environment and changes they undergo adapting to different environmental conditions. Results: The most significant differences concern variation of microbes in a single sample (alpha diversity) of some phyla in children affected by chronic tonsillitis compared with alpha diversity in healthy children and in children affected by OSAS with tonsillar hyperplasia. Proteobacteria are prevalent in chronic tonsillitis group, Fusobacteria and Spirochete in OSAS and Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were found in healthy children. Finally, comparison between the groups showed that children with OSAS with tonsillar hypertrophy had a higher presence of the Fusobacterium genus. Conclusion: Recurrent upper airway inflammatory and/or infectious processes are polymicrobial; chronicity of such processes appear to be related to variations in microbiome's composition and interaction among various taxonomic units. Knowledge of the microbiomes’ composition together with traditional clinical biomarkers can also determine relationships between oropharyngeal microbiome and systemic pathologies to determine preventive changes in lifestyle, eating habits, environmental exposure and use of probiotics.
KW - Chronic tonsillitis
KW - Tonsillar microbiome
KW - Tonsillar hypertrophy
KW - Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
KW - Chronic tonsillitis
KW - Tonsillar microbiome
KW - Tonsillar hypertrophy
KW - Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10807/302883
U2 - 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110478
DO - 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110478
M3 - Article
SN - 0165-5876
VL - 139
SP - N/A-N/A
JO - International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
JF - International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
ER -