Orthodontic screening and treatment timing in preschoolers

Dental and stomatologic problems in childhood need to be diagnosed and managed\r\nwith multidisciplinary protocols focusing around the children an appropriate\r\nprevention, diagnosis, and care program. Therefore, it is paramount to avail of\r\nscreening tools that provide an indication of in‐depth multidisciplinary diagnostic\r\nflow. The aim of this study is to detect and evaluate malocclusion problems and predisposing\r\nfactors in an Italian preschooler population. Design‐calibrated operators\r\ndetected data through examination of 1,405 children (706 males and 699 females)\r\naged between 2 and 7 years, in one hospital in Rome and in kindergartens of several\r\nItalian cities. Data were collected following Risk of Malocclusion Assessment index\r\ncriteria. Pearson's chi‐square test (with continuity correction) and Fisher's exact test\r\nwere the statistical tests conducted (P < 0.05). Grade 2 (49.6%) and 4 (21.7%),\r\nfollowed by grade 1 (17.1%), grade 3 (9.3%), and finally grade 5 (2.3%) are the most\r\nrepresented degrees. 53.6% of the cases have a high risk, whereas 32.2% has a low\r\nrisk and 14.9% has a moderate risk. The risk‐degree correlation is statistically significant\r\n(P < 0.005). Flawed habits and oral breathing are present in more than a quarter\r\nof children. Findings of the study highlighted that early multidisciplinary approach, as\r\nwell as orthodontic visits and screening in childhood, is necessary to promote normal\r\ngrowth and development of the face and the elimination of potential interferences\r\nthat may harm these processes.