Normal weight obese syndrome: Role of single nucleotide polymorphism of IL-15Rα and MTHFR 677C→T genes in the relationship between body composition and resting metabolic rate

We have identified a subset of metabolically obese, but normal weight individuals, with potentially increased risks of developing the metabolic syndrome, despite their normal body mass index. We determined the relationship among body fat distribution, resting metabolic rate (RMR), total body water amount (%TBW), selected gene polymorphism on interleukin-15 receptor-alpha (IL-15Rα) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677C→T (MTHFR 677C→T), to distinguish normal weight obese (NWO) from nonobese with a normal metabolic profile and obese individuals. We analysed anthropometric variables, body composition by Dual energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA), RMR by indirect calorimetry, %TBW by bioimpedence analysis (BIA), MTHFR 677C→T and IL-15Rα genotypes of 128 clinically healthy Caucasian individuals. We compared a group of female, defined as NWO and characterised by a BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2 and FM ≥ 30% with groups of others female, and males, represented by nonobese with a BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2 and FM ≤ 30%, and preobese-obese individuals with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and %FM ≥ 30%; none of the males was classified as NWO. Significant correlations were found among body fat mass distribution, metabolic variables, percentage of total body water distribution and selected genetic variations. The variables that contributed significantly to the separation of classes were body tissue (Tissue), %TBW, RMR, the volumes of both oxygen (VO2) and carbon dioxide (VCO2). The distribution of MTHFR 677C→T and IL-15 genotypes was significantly different between classes. Our data highlight that NWO individuals showed a significant relationship between the decrease in the basal metabolism (RMR), body fat mass increasing and total water amount. Possession of wild type homozygotes genotypes regarding IL-15Rα cytokine and 677C→T MTHFR enzyme characterised NWO individuals.