TY - JOUR
T1 - Noninvasive imaging methods to improve the diagnosis of oral carcinoma and its precursors: State of the art and proposal of a three-step diagnostic process
AU - Romano, Antonio
AU - Di Stasio, Dario
AU - Petruzzi, Massimo
AU - Fiori, Fausto
AU - Lajolo, Carlo
AU - Santarelli, Andrea
AU - Lucchese, Alberta
AU - Serpico, Rosario
AU - Contaldo, Maria
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent form of cancer of lips and oral cavity, and its diagnostic delay, caused by misdiagnosis at the early stages, is responsible for high mortality ratios. Biopsy and histopathological assessment are the gold standards for OSCC diagnosis, but they are time-consuming, invasive, and do not always enable the patient’s compliance, mainly in cases of follow-up with the need for more biopsies. The use of adjunctive noninvasive imaging techniques improves the diagnostic approach, making it faster and better accepted by patients. The present review aims to focus on the most consolidated diagnostic techniques, such as vital staining and tissue autofluorescence, and to report the potential role of some of the most promising innovative techniques, such as narrow-band imaging, high-frequency ultrasounds, optical coherence tomography, and in vivo confocal microscopy. According to their contribution to OSCC diagnosis, an ideal three-step diagnostic procedure is proposed, to make the diagnostic path faster, better, and more accurate.
AB - Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent form of cancer of lips and oral cavity, and its diagnostic delay, caused by misdiagnosis at the early stages, is responsible for high mortality ratios. Biopsy and histopathological assessment are the gold standards for OSCC diagnosis, but they are time-consuming, invasive, and do not always enable the patient’s compliance, mainly in cases of follow-up with the need for more biopsies. The use of adjunctive noninvasive imaging techniques improves the diagnostic approach, making it faster and better accepted by patients. The present review aims to focus on the most consolidated diagnostic techniques, such as vital staining and tissue autofluorescence, and to report the potential role of some of the most promising innovative techniques, such as narrow-band imaging, high-frequency ultrasounds, optical coherence tomography, and in vivo confocal microscopy. According to their contribution to OSCC diagnosis, an ideal three-step diagnostic procedure is proposed, to make the diagnostic path faster, better, and more accurate.
KW - Diagnosis
KW - Fluorescent confocal microscopy
KW - High-frequency ultrasounds
KW - Lugol’s iodine
KW - Narrow-band imaging
KW - Noninvasive diagnoses
KW - OSCC
KW - Optical coherence tomography
KW - Reflectance confocal microscopy
KW - Tissue autofluorescence
KW - Toluidine blue
KW - Virtual chromoendoscopy with magnification
KW - Diagnosis
KW - Fluorescent confocal microscopy
KW - High-frequency ultrasounds
KW - Lugol’s iodine
KW - Narrow-band imaging
KW - Noninvasive diagnoses
KW - OSCC
KW - Optical coherence tomography
KW - Reflectance confocal microscopy
KW - Tissue autofluorescence
KW - Toluidine blue
KW - Virtual chromoendoscopy with magnification
UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10807/196364
U2 - 10.3390/cancers13122864
DO - 10.3390/cancers13122864
M3 - Article
SN - 2072-6694
VL - 13
SP - 2864
EP - 2864
JO - Cancers
JF - Cancers
ER -