Nodular Nongranulomatous Vasculitis of the Lung Detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT

We report a case of a nodular nongranulomatous vasculitis of the lung detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT. A 51-year-old woman with fever of unknown origin underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT, which showed multiple and bilateral pulmonary nodules at CT scan with increased radiopharmaceutical uptake in the largest one (20 mm in diameter). On the basis of the PET/CT findings, the patient was referred for excisional biopsy of the largest pulmonary nodules suspicious for neoplastic disease. Histological examination demonstrated the presence of an obliterative vasculitis with interstitial pulmonary perivascular inflammation.