Mutations in KCNK4 that Affect Gating Cause a Recognizable Neurodevelopmental Syndrome

C. K. Bauer*, P. Calligari, F. C. Radio, V. Caputo, M. L. Dentici, N. Falah, F. High, F. Pantaleoni, S. Barresi, A. Ciolfi, S. Pizzi, A. Bruselles, R. Person, S. Richards, M. T. Cho, Sepulveda D. J. Claps, S. Pro, R. Battini, Giuseppe Zampino, M. C. DigilioG. Bocchinfuso, B. Dallapiccola, L. Stella, M. Tartaglia

*Autore corrispondente per questo lavoro

Risultato della ricerca: Contributo in rivistaArticolo

31 Citazioni (Scopus)

Abstract

Aberrant activation or inhibition of potassium (K+) currents across the plasma membrane of cells has been causally linked to altered neurotransmission, cardiac arrhythmias, endocrine dysfunction, and (more rarely) perturbed developmental processes. The K+ channel subfamily K member 4 (KCNK4), also known as TRAAK (TWIK-related arachidonic acid-stimulated K+ channel), belongs to the mechano-gated ion channels of the TRAAK/TREK subfamily of two-pore-domain (K2P) K+ channels. While K2P channels are well known to contribute to the resting membrane potential and cellular excitability, their involvement in pathophysiological processes remains largely uncharacterized. We report that de novo missense mutations in KCNK4 cause a recognizable syndrome with a distinctive facial gestalt, for which we propose the acronym FHEIG (facial dysmorphism, hypertrichosis, epilepsy, intellectual disability/developmental delay, and gingival overgrowth). Patch-clamp analyses documented a significant gain of function of the identified KCNK4 channel mutants basally and impaired sensitivity to mechanical stimulation and arachidonic acid. Co-expression experiments indicated a dominant behavior of the disease-causing mutations. Molecular dynamics simulations consistently indicated that mutations favor sealing of the lateral intramembrane fenestration that has been proposed to negatively control K+ flow by allowing lipid access to the central cavity of the channel. Overall, our findings illustrate the pleiotropic effect of dysregulated KCNK4 function and provide support to the hypothesis of a gating mechanism based on the lateral fenestrations of K2P channels.
Lingua originaleInglese
pagine (da-a)621-630
Numero di pagine10
RivistaAmerican Journal of Human Genetics
Volume103
Numero di pubblicazione4
DOI
Stato di pubblicazionePubblicato - 2018

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

  • Genetica
  • Genetica (clinica)

Keywords

  • Child
  • FHEIG syndrome
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Ion Channel Gating
  • K2P channels
  • Male
  • Molecular Dynamics Simulation
  • Mutation
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Potassium Channels
  • Preschool
  • TRAAK
  • channelopathy
  • epilepsy
  • gingival overgrowth
  • hypertrichosis
  • intellectual disability
  • neurodevelopmental disorder

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