Multi-actor approaches and engagement strategies to promote the adoption of best groundwater management practices

Approaching to groundwater management means of controlling multiple pollutants from multiple sources, with high spatial and temporal variability. This complex socio-ecological issue cannot be solved only by scientific knowledge developed in controlled research settings. The challenge lies on different forms of analysis that consider the interdependencies and uncertainties of the real world, adding diverse streams of scientific reasoning to better anchor the outcomes not only in the scientific community but also gradually in society. This mini-review focuses on the limits and opportunities of engagement strategies to promote a change, analyzing the recent trend of addressing social water related issue in the framework of water governance. Horizontal and participatory water governance that require a cultural shift from knowledge transfer to knowledge exchange from multiple actors is seen the key for achieving change.