Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation: Intertwined roads to neurodegeneration

Anna Picca, Riccardo Calvani*, Hélio José Coelho-Júnior, Francesco Landi, Roberto Bernabei, Emanuele Marzetti

*Autore corrispondente per questo lavoro

Risultato della ricerca: Contributo in rivistaArticolo in rivista

23 Citazioni (Scopus)

Abstract

Oxidative stress develops as a response to injury and reflects a breach in the cell’s antioxidant capacity. Therefore, the fine‐tuning of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is crucial for preserving cell’s homeostasis. Mitochondria are a major source and an immediate target of ROS. Under different stimuli, including oxidative stress and impaired quality control, mitochondrial constituents (e.g., mitochondrial DNA, mtDNA) are displaced toward intra‐ or extracellular compartments. However, the mechanisms responsible for mtDNA unloading remain largely unclear. While shuttling freely within the cell, mtDNA can be delivered into the extracellular compartment via either extrusion of entire nucleoids or the generation and release of extracellular vesicles. Once discarded, mtDNA may act as a damage‐associated molecular pattern (DAMP) and trigger an innate immune inflammatory response by binding to danger‐signal receptors. Neuroinflammation is associated with a large array of neurological disorders for which mitochondrial DAMPs could represent a common thread supporting disease progression. The exploration of non‐canonical pathways involved in mitochondrial quality control and neurodegeneration may unveil novel targets for the development of therapeutic agents. Here, we discuss these processes in the setting of two common neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease) and Down syndrome, the most frequent progeroid syndrome.
Lingua originaleEnglish
pagine (da-a)1-21
Numero di pagine21
RivistaAntioxidants
Volume9
DOI
Stato di pubblicazionePubblicato - 2020

Keywords

  • Alzheimer’s disease
  • Cytokines
  • DAMPs
  • Down syndrome
  • Endo‐lysosomal system
  • Extracellular vesicles
  • Mitochondrial DNA
  • Mitochondrial quality control
  • Mitophagy
  • Parkinson’s disease

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