Mindfulness-based interventions with clinical populations: Researches and experiences

Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs) are modified and shortened versions of meditation teachings. Mindfulness can be defined as remembering to pay attention in a certain way: on purpose, in the present moment, and non-judgmentally. Through practicing mindfulness a person first of all starts to notice what happens in the mind. Over and above paying attention and noticing, this practice also leads to a partial decoupling between mental events and voluntary or involuntary actions, including physiological reactions. As a consequence, a more serene and balanced emotional and affective state can be achieved, which in turn is a good precondition for stress resistance and resilience. The interest in mindfulness techniques has grown over the last two decades and the practice has demonstrated significant improvements in symptoms of stress and mood disturbance in general and clinical populations, including cancer, fibromyalgia, multiple sclerosis, heart disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, low back pain and others. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy are the most widely used MBIs, widely known and taught. Through their manualization, these can be comparatively easily replicated and implemented. However, different clinical populations can require a "tailorize" of standard MBIs, according to specific peculiarities of the illnesses. The aim of the panel is to present results, experiences, and clinical consideration about the use of MBIs with clinical populations where these interventions may required some changes or present some peculiarities.