Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance to enrofloxacin in uropathogenic Escherichia coli in dog

Escherichia coli (E. coli) urinary tract infections (UTIs) are becoming a serious problem both for pets and humans\r\n(zoonosis) due to the close contact and to the increasing resistance to antibiotics.\r\nThis study has been performed in order to unravel the mechanism of induced enrofloxacin resistance in canine\r\nE. coli isolates that represent a good tool to study this pathology.\r\nThe isolated E. coli has been induced with enrofloxacin and studied through 2D DIGE and shotgun MS.\r\nDiscovered differentially expressed proteins are principally involved in antibiotic resistance and linked to oxidative\r\nstress response, to DNA protection and to membrane permeability. Moreover, since enrofloxacin is an inhibitor of\r\nDNA gyrase, the overexpression of DNA starvation/stationary phase protection protein (Dsp) could be a central\r\npoint to discover themechanismof this clone to counteract the effects of enrofloxacin. In parallel, the dramatic decrease\r\nof the synthesis of the outer membrane proteinW, which represents one of the main gates for enrofloxacin\r\nentrance, could explain additional mechanismof E. coli defense against this antibiotic.