TY - JOUR
T1 - Long-term C and N sequestration under no-till is governed by biomass production of cover crops rather than differences in grass vs. legume biomass quality
AU - Ardenti, Federico
AU - Capra, Federico
AU - Lommi, Michela
AU - Fiorini, Andrea
AU - Tabaglio, Vincenzo
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - Agricultural activities through conventional and intensive practices contribute to climate change by increasing emission of reactive carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) from soils to the atmosphere. Minimum soil disturbance, appropriate residue management and cover cropping as conservation practices are perceived as key strategies to limit GHGs emissions by increasing soil C and N sequestration as soil organic matter (SOM), thus promoting soil aggregation and enhancing soil fertility. Yet, the actual contribution of conservation practices to C and N sequestration, as well as mechanisms behind chemical and biochemical stabilization of SOM in the long-term are still controversial. In the present 9-year field study on a wheat-maize-soybean rotation we investigated the effect of no-till (NT) coupled with grass vs. legume cover crop (i.e., rye [Secale cereale L., NT-R] or hairy vetch [Vicia villosa Roth, NT-V]) on main crop yields, C and N input by cover and main crops, soil aggregation and C and N sequestration rates, in comparison with conventional tillage (CT). We hypothesized that NT-R may lead to higher biomass input, C sequestration and comparable yield to CT, while NT-V may increase N input, N sequestration and lead to comparable yield to CT. We found that yield of winter wheat, maize, and soybean were never reduced under both NT treatments, neither during the transition phase, nor afterwards. Rye and hairy vetch provided the same amount of biomass and C input, although vetch doubled N input compared with rye. Moreover NT-V increased cumulative biomass and C input from main crop residues compared with NT-R. Both NT-R and NT-V promoted C (+0.4 Mg ha−1 y−1 and +0.6 Mg ha−1 y−1, respectively) and N (+88 kg ha−1 y−1 and +145 kg ha−1 y−1, respectively) soil sequestration, mainly due to the increase of macroaggregate-associated C and N, thus corroborating a major role of NT for macroaggregates formation and SOM stabilization within macroaggregates. Since no difference was found between cover crops in terms of biomass input, and C and N sequestration potential, we concluded that cover crop biomass production (rather than biomass quality) and retention onto the soil as residue were the main drivers of soil C and N sequestration. Therefore, both rye and hairy vetch may be combined with NT and promise significant potential as effective C farming practices.
AB - Agricultural activities through conventional and intensive practices contribute to climate change by increasing emission of reactive carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) from soils to the atmosphere. Minimum soil disturbance, appropriate residue management and cover cropping as conservation practices are perceived as key strategies to limit GHGs emissions by increasing soil C and N sequestration as soil organic matter (SOM), thus promoting soil aggregation and enhancing soil fertility. Yet, the actual contribution of conservation practices to C and N sequestration, as well as mechanisms behind chemical and biochemical stabilization of SOM in the long-term are still controversial. In the present 9-year field study on a wheat-maize-soybean rotation we investigated the effect of no-till (NT) coupled with grass vs. legume cover crop (i.e., rye [Secale cereale L., NT-R] or hairy vetch [Vicia villosa Roth, NT-V]) on main crop yields, C and N input by cover and main crops, soil aggregation and C and N sequestration rates, in comparison with conventional tillage (CT). We hypothesized that NT-R may lead to higher biomass input, C sequestration and comparable yield to CT, while NT-V may increase N input, N sequestration and lead to comparable yield to CT. We found that yield of winter wheat, maize, and soybean were never reduced under both NT treatments, neither during the transition phase, nor afterwards. Rye and hairy vetch provided the same amount of biomass and C input, although vetch doubled N input compared with rye. Moreover NT-V increased cumulative biomass and C input from main crop residues compared with NT-R. Both NT-R and NT-V promoted C (+0.4 Mg ha−1 y−1 and +0.6 Mg ha−1 y−1, respectively) and N (+88 kg ha−1 y−1 and +145 kg ha−1 y−1, respectively) soil sequestration, mainly due to the increase of macroaggregate-associated C and N, thus corroborating a major role of NT for macroaggregates formation and SOM stabilization within macroaggregates. Since no difference was found between cover crops in terms of biomass input, and C and N sequestration potential, we concluded that cover crop biomass production (rather than biomass quality) and retention onto the soil as residue were the main drivers of soil C and N sequestration. Therefore, both rye and hairy vetch may be combined with NT and promise significant potential as effective C farming practices.
KW - Carbon farming
KW - Climate change mitigation
KW - Conservation agriculture
KW - Cover crops
KW - No-till
KW - Soil macroaggregates
KW - Carbon farming
KW - Climate change mitigation
KW - Conservation agriculture
KW - Cover crops
KW - No-till
KW - Soil macroaggregates
UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10807/223450
U2 - 10.1016/j.still.2022.105630
DO - 10.1016/j.still.2022.105630
M3 - Article
SN - 0167-1987
VL - 228
SP - 105630-N/A
JO - SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
JF - SOIL & TILLAGE RESEARCH
ER -