Laparoscopic Ethanol Sclerotherapy for Ovarian Endometriomas: Preliminary Results

Study Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the laparoscopic aspiration of endometriomas through 95% ethanol sclerotherapy. Design: A single-center, retrospective study. Setting: Endometriosis outpatient clinic of a tertiary university hospital, gynecology department of Agostino Gemelli University Foundation Polyclinic IRCCS, Rome, Italy. Patients: Fifty-three women with 64 identified endometriomas measuring 4 to 10 cm with no suspected malignancy. Interventions: Laparoscopic aspiration and 95% ethanol sclerotherapy of endometriomas were completed in the patients between September 2013 and September 2017. Measurements and Main Results: Using standard laparoscopy, the ovarian endometriomas were aspirated and washed to remove all cystic material. A 95% ethanol solution was instilled in the cysts and left for 15 minutes, then removed. The patients were followed by ultrasound at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, and then annually to identify recurrence. All patients were administered postoperative hormone therapy, suspended only in those desiring pregnancy or experiencing adverse effects. The mean age was 32 years (range 19–40 years), and the mean cyst diameter was 6 cm (range 4–10 cm). Thirteen of the 53 patients (25%) had had previous surgery for endometriomas. Forty-one patients (77%) had associated deep endometriosis, treated during the same laparoscopic procedure. No major ethanol-related complications were recorded. The mean length of follow-up was 31 months. Recurrence of endometriomas was observed in 5 patients (9%). Overall, pregnancy occurred in 16 of 28 patients (57%) desiring pregnancy. Conclusion: Laparoscopic aspiration and ethanol sclerotherapy as treatment for endometriomas, even in patients with bilateral endometriomas or with associated deep endometriosis, resulted in <10% recurrence and no major complications.