«La ragione non è che la ragione». La sfida del male e i limiti della ragione: un percorso tra Dostoevskij e alcuni filosofi del ‘900

The question of theodicy, that is God’s justification in face of the challenge of evil, is a crucial point in which the boundaries of reason emerge. Rationalist attempts of theodicy culminate in Leibniz and find in Kant a declaration of failure. The study tries to highlight how some authors, alongside the paths of atheism and fideism, although claiming the impossibility of a rational theodicy, searched for a wisdom capable to outline answers to evil without excluding faith in God. Through some readings of Dostoevskij's Brothers Karamazov and some reflections on evil and suffering by Gabriel Marcel, Hans Jonas, Luigi Pareyson and Paul Ricoeur, the study tries to outline the perspective of a reason that is aware of its boundaries and at the same time open to the contribution of imagination, affectivity, myth, religious and spiritual experience in order to take up the challenge of evil, try to rethink God and develop a wisdom that allows the mystery to reveal itself.