TY - JOUR
T1 - In vitro evaluation of the potential toxic effects of palladium nanoparticles on fibroblasts and lung epithelial cells
AU - Iavicoli, I.
AU - Iavicoli, Ivo
AU - Farina, Marisa
AU - Fontana, Luca
AU - Lucchetti, Donatella
AU - Leso, Veruscka
AU - Fanali, Caterina
AU - Cufino, Valerio
AU - Boninsegna, A.
AU - Leopold, K.
AU - Schindl, R.
AU - Brucker, D.
AU - Sgambato, Alessandro
PY - 2017
Y1 - 2017
N2 - Palladium nanoparticles have been increasingly used in catalytic processes, wastewater treatment, electronics, and biomedicine. However, recent evidence proved that these nanoparticles are able to induce adverse effects both in in vitro and in vivo models. Nevertheless, molecular mechanisms underlying the toxic effects are still poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential toxicological mechanisms of palladium nanoparticles assessing their effects on normal diploid rat fibroblast and lung carcinoma human epithelial cell lines. Several endpoints such as cell growth, cell cycle progression, DNA damage, induction of apoptosis, reactive oxygen species production and expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins were evaluated. Results showed that palladium nanoparticles inhibited cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner in both cell lines, although with a more evident action on fibroblasts. Interestingly, inhibition of cell growth was not associated with the induction of apoptosis. Cell cycle progression was arrested in the G0/G1 phase and DNA damage was evident in both cell lines even if only a slight increase in the intracellular reactive oxygen species levels was detected. These findings provide valuable insight into understanding the molecular mechanisms responsible of palladium nanoparticles toxicity whose identification is essential to define an adequate risk assessment process.
AB - Palladium nanoparticles have been increasingly used in catalytic processes, wastewater treatment, electronics, and biomedicine. However, recent evidence proved that these nanoparticles are able to induce adverse effects both in in vitro and in vivo models. Nevertheless, molecular mechanisms underlying the toxic effects are still poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential toxicological mechanisms of palladium nanoparticles assessing their effects on normal diploid rat fibroblast and lung carcinoma human epithelial cell lines. Several endpoints such as cell growth, cell cycle progression, DNA damage, induction of apoptosis, reactive oxygen species production and expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins were evaluated. Results showed that palladium nanoparticles inhibited cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner in both cell lines, although with a more evident action on fibroblasts. Interestingly, inhibition of cell growth was not associated with the induction of apoptosis. Cell cycle progression was arrested in the G0/G1 phase and DNA damage was evident in both cell lines even if only a slight increase in the intracellular reactive oxygen species levels was detected. These findings provide valuable insight into understanding the molecular mechanisms responsible of palladium nanoparticles toxicity whose identification is essential to define an adequate risk assessment process.
KW - Apoptosis
KW - Cell cycle progression
KW - Cell growth
KW - DNA damage
KW - Palladium nanoparticles
KW - Reactive oxygen species production
KW - Toxicology
KW - Apoptosis
KW - Cell cycle progression
KW - Cell growth
KW - DNA damage
KW - Palladium nanoparticles
KW - Reactive oxygen species production
KW - Toxicology
UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10807/100977
UR - http://www.elsevier.com/locate/toxinvit
U2 - 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.04.024
DO - 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.04.024
M3 - Article
SN - 0887-2333
VL - 42
SP - 191
EP - 199
JO - Toxicology in Vitro
JF - Toxicology in Vitro
ER -