Improving serum redox balance, inflammatory status, physical function, and cognitive ability through dual-task resistance training and detraining in nursing home residents

Objective: This study investigated the effects of dual-task resistance training (RT) and detraining on physical function, cognitive capacity, lipid profile, renal function, oxidative stress markers, and chronic inflammation of institutionalized older adults. Methods: The study involved 11 older adults (83.09 ± 8.1 years) residing in a long-term care institution, spanning 42 weeks with assessments at weeks 1, 14-15, 28, and 42. The initial 12 weeks following the first assessment (weeks 2-13) served as a pre-control, during which participants maintained their routine activities. A dual-task resistance training protocol was implemented from weeks 16 to 27, followed by a detraining period from weeks 29 to 41. Assessments included clinical characteristics, physical function, cognitive ability, blood samples for biochemical parameters, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation. Results: Dual-task RT significantly enhanced balance (p = 0.027) and 4 m walking speed (p = 0.027) post-training compared to the pre-control. It also decreased the completion time for the sit-and-stand test both post-training (p = 0.008) and post-detraining (p = 0.015) relative to pre-control. Cognitive ability showed significant improvements (p < 0.05). The CAT/TBARS ratio increased significantly post-training (p < 0.001) and remained elevated post-detraining. Nitric Oxide levels increased post-training (p < 0.05) and stayed higher post-detraining. The IL-10/TNF-α ratio significantly increased post-training (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Dual-task RT performed over 12 weeks improved physical function, cognitive capacity, muscular strength, oxidative stress markers, and chronic inflammation in institutionalized older adults. Furthermore, these benefits were sustained even after a period of detraining.