Il Pensiero Mu'tazilita. Ragione e Fede tra Basra e Baghdad nei primi secoli dell'Islam

The Islamic religion has often been regarded as expression of a monotheistic faith founded on the concept of divine predestination and on a literal interpretation of the word of God. While not denying this approach, the Islamic thought was able, between the VIII and XII centuries, to formulate a rational theory based on the Koranic not literal exegesis and the principle of absolute freedom of man's decision in relation to his creator. The Mu'tazilite school, forward of the philosophical thought of Avicenna and Averroes, has designed an ethical, logical and rational approach, grounded on the uniqueness of God, his justice and mercy. The image and the interpretation of God that emerge in this analysis is specifically related to the Islamic Kalam theology of the Classical Golden age of 'Abbasid empire.