Il mosaico italiano tra learnfare e workfare

New social risks and new forms of vulnerability that emerge in contemporary European societies together with the individual willingness of autonomy and auto-determination change the needs of social protection. The “traditional” passive welfare state reveals its incapacity to face these transitions and gives way to a new model: the “active welfare state” which puts employment at the very centre of citizenship pact and considers lifelong learning one of its pillars. The chapter analyses the Italian case and its specificity between workfare and learnfare.