Il monachesimo riformato nell’Italia centro-settentrionale dei secoli XI e XII

The perception of the phenomenon by the historiography of reformed monasticism has recently changed because, having lost the historiographical moralism that permitted the use of evaluative and apologetic logics, the vision of the so-called ecclesiastical reform 0 struggle for investiture, now understood as a revolutionary process that invested European society as a whole. The overcoming of the opposition between new monasticism and traditional monasticism led to a more fluid and dialectical vision of the transformations that affected the forms of the 11th monastic life. The participation of Avellanites, Camaldolites and Vallombrosans in the reform initiatives of the papacy was very intermittent and differentiated, and their supraregional expansion only occurred when, from the beginning of the 10th century, the fury of the Gregorian age were replaced by processes of institutional stabilisation that were not necessarily guided by the papacy, but which allowed the experimentation of instruments of supra-local coordination of religious communities. Precisely in this context Atto of Pistoia, which synthesises in itself the ability to stabilise and to make it compatible with the ecclesiastical local system.