Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The Prognostic Role of Liver Stiffness Measurement

Simple Summary Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk is increased in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), even without cirrhosis. New noninvasive tests have been proposed to predict HCC risk, and imaging techniques evaluating liver stiffness have gained increasing importance in this context. In this review, we summarize the most recent data about ultrasound and magnetic resonance elastography in estimating HCC risk in patients with NAFLD. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is nowadays the most common etiology of chronic liver disease, is associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with or without cirrhosis. Owing to the high prevalence of NAFLD worldwide, it becomes crucial to develop adequate strategies for surveillance of HCC and new prediction models aiming at stratifying NAFLD population for HCC risk. To this purpose, several noninvasive tests (NITs) have been proposed in the several last years, including clinical parameters, serum biomarkers, and imaging techniques. Most of these tools are focused on the assessment of liver fibrosis. Both ultrasound (US) elastography (especially transient elastography) and magnetic resonance (MR) elastography have been evaluated to estimate HCC risk in NAFLD patients. Recently, the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) and the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) include these techniques among the recommended NITs for the assessment of liver fibrosis. The aim of this review is to summarize the most recent data on the role of US and MR elastography in HCC risk stratification in patients with NAFLD.