Hand hygiene, knowledge and training motivational drives: findings from a survey in a university hospital

This study assessed healthcare workers’ (HCWs) knowledge and adherence to\r\nhand hygiene principles in a large Italian university hospital, focusing on identifying\r\nknowledge gaps and evaluating training effectiveness. A specifically designed 17-\r\nitem questionnaire, based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Hand Hygiene\r\nKnowledge Questionnaire, was used to measure theoretical knowledge, the role\r\nof training, and the impact of experience. The survey had an 8% participation rate\r\n(542 responses from a total of 6,749 HCWs), with higher responses among nurses\r\nand doctors. Results showed moderate knowledge of hand hygiene protocols,\r\naveraging 74%, but revealed gaps in comprehension, particularly in the correct\r\nuse of hand rub and post-contact sanitation. Logistic regression analysis identified\r\nsignificant predictors of knowledge and adherence, with professional characteristics\r\nsuch as professional qualifications and length of service influencing outcomes\r\n(p < 0.05). The findings confirm the strong correlation between hand hygiene\r\nknowledge and compliance in reducing healthcare-associated infections (HAIs).\r\nContinuous education and customized interventions, including targeted training\r\nand feedback, are essential for targeting weak points and improving adherence.\r\nThese insights emphasize the importance of ongoing training and monitoring\r\nto enhance hand hygiene practices, promote a culture of patient safety, and, as\r\na consequence, reduce the incidence of HAIs