Gut microbiota and pediatric patients with spina bifida and neurogenic bowel dysfunction

Purpose Gut microbiota has recently been recognized to be influenced by a broad range of pathologies. Alterations of gut microbiota are known as dysbiosis and have found to be related to chronic constipation, a condition which affects also pediatric patients with spina bifida (SB).Methods In this study, gut microbiota richness and composition were investigated by 16S rRNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis in 48 SB patients (mean age, 11.9 +/- 4.8 years) with secondary neurogenic constipation and 32 healthy controls (mean age, 18.0 +/- 9.6 years). The study also aimed at exploring eventual effects of laxatives and transanal irrigation (TAI) adopted by SB subjects to get relief from the symptoms of neurogenic constipation.Results Collected data demonstrated that the microbiota richness of SB patients was significantly increased compared to healthy controls, with a higher number of dominant bacteria rather than rare species. The absence of SB condition was associated with taxa Coprococcus 2, with the species C. eutactus and Roseburia, Dialister, and the [Eubacterium] coprostanoligenes group. On the other hand, the SB patients displayed a different group of positively associated taxa, namely, Blautia, Collinsella, Intestinibacter, and Romboutsia genera, the [Clostridium] innocuum group, and Clostridium sensu stricto 1. Bifidobacterium and the [Eubacterium] hallii group were also found to be positively associated with SB gut microbiome.Conclusions Among SB patients, the administration of laxatives and TAI did not negatively affect gut microbiota diversity and composition, even considering long-term use (up to 5 years) of TAI device.