Focus on the Role of Non-Invasive Respiratory Support (NRS) during Palliative Care in Patients with Life-Limiting Respiratory Disease

The management of patients with life-threatening respiratory disease in the ICU and at home has become increasingly of interest over the past decades. Growing knowledge supports the use of NRS, aimed at improving patient comfort and improving quality of life. However, its role during palliative care is not well defined, and evidence of support remains limited. The aim of this narrative review is to examine the recent evidence relating to the use of non-invasive respiratory support at the end of life, in order to clarify who benefits and when. The literature research was conducted on PubMed, using MeSH words. A review of the relevant literature showed that non-invasive respiratory support techniques for patients with life-limiting respiratory disease vary (from high-flow oxygen therapy to conventional oxygen therapy, from CPAP to NPPV) and each has precise indications. To date, from the hospital to the home setting, the monitoring and application of these respiratory support techniques have varied widely. In conclusion, the choice of respiratory support in this category of patients should be based on the technique that will optimize the comfort of the patient and improve the quality of their life. On the other hand, regarding monitoring, both telemedicine and ultrasound diagnostics help to satisfy the patient's wish to spend the last period of his life in the home environment, to avoid inappropriately aggressive diagnostic interventions, and to reduce the high costs of hospitalized procedures in this category of patients.