TY - JOUR
T1 - Female boxing in Italy: 2002-2007 report
AU - Bianco, Massimiliano
AU - Sanna, Nicola
AU - Bucari, Sante
AU - Fabiano, Carmela
AU - Palmieri, Vincenzo
AU - Zeppilli, Paolo
PY - 2011
Y1 - 2011
N2 - Objective: to collect medical data on women s boxing.
Design: Cross-sectional and longitudinal study.
Setting: Medical examinations requested by Italian laws.
Participants: A retrospective study was conducted on all female boxing competitions in Italy from April 2001 to December 2007. Sixty-one amateur female boxers were evaluated longitudinally.
Interventions: Retrospective study: all pre-/post-match medical reports were analyzed. Prospective study: Breast, gynaecologic, brain, eyes, ear, nose and throat examinations were carried out.
Main Outcome Measurements: Retrospective study: any injury assessed before/after the match. Prospective study: health problems which could be related to boxing activity.
Results: Retrospective study: data from 5600 examinations were collected. Pre-competition, a medical problem was recorded in 3 athletes (1 conjunctiva hyperemia, 1 zygomatic bruise, 1 eyelid hematoma). Post-competition, 51/2800 medical checks showed mild common injuries, such as, soft tissue facial lesions, epistaxis, and hand-wrist problems. Only one concussion was recorded with hospitalization (for a thorough evaluation). Another athlete was hospitalized for a nasal fracture. Prospective study: 2 fibroadenomas, 3 ovarian cysts, and 1 intramural uterine myoma were diagnosed. In 4 boxers non-specific electroencephalographic abnormalities were detected however with a normal brain MRI in 3 (the 4th is still waiting for the radiologic procedure). Nasal septum deviation was common (42.6%) and a transmissive hypoacusia was observed in 2 athletes. No major eye injuries were reported.
Conclusions: Female boxing seems to be a safe sport with a very low incidence of events requiring hospitalization. No specific diseases in female boxers could be observed, in particular regarding the breast and reproductive system.
AB - Objective: to collect medical data on women s boxing.
Design: Cross-sectional and longitudinal study.
Setting: Medical examinations requested by Italian laws.
Participants: A retrospective study was conducted on all female boxing competitions in Italy from April 2001 to December 2007. Sixty-one amateur female boxers were evaluated longitudinally.
Interventions: Retrospective study: all pre-/post-match medical reports were analyzed. Prospective study: Breast, gynaecologic, brain, eyes, ear, nose and throat examinations were carried out.
Main Outcome Measurements: Retrospective study: any injury assessed before/after the match. Prospective study: health problems which could be related to boxing activity.
Results: Retrospective study: data from 5600 examinations were collected. Pre-competition, a medical problem was recorded in 3 athletes (1 conjunctiva hyperemia, 1 zygomatic bruise, 1 eyelid hematoma). Post-competition, 51/2800 medical checks showed mild common injuries, such as, soft tissue facial lesions, epistaxis, and hand-wrist problems. Only one concussion was recorded with hospitalization (for a thorough evaluation). Another athlete was hospitalized for a nasal fracture. Prospective study: 2 fibroadenomas, 3 ovarian cysts, and 1 intramural uterine myoma were diagnosed. In 4 boxers non-specific electroencephalographic abnormalities were detected however with a normal brain MRI in 3 (the 4th is still waiting for the radiologic procedure). Nasal septum deviation was common (42.6%) and a transmissive hypoacusia was observed in 2 athletes. No major eye injuries were reported.
Conclusions: Female boxing seems to be a safe sport with a very low incidence of events requiring hospitalization. No specific diseases in female boxers could be observed, in particular regarding the breast and reproductive system.
KW - contact sport
KW - exercise
KW - gender issues
KW - injury prevention
KW - women in sport
KW - contact sport
KW - exercise
KW - gender issues
KW - injury prevention
KW - women in sport
UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10807/33096
M3 - Article
SN - 0306-3674
VL - 2011
SP - 563
EP - 570
JO - British Journal of Sports Medicine
JF - British Journal of Sports Medicine
ER -