TY - JOUR
T1 - Extra-abdominal venous thromboses at unusual sites
AU - Martinelli, Ida
AU - De Stefano, Valerio
PY - 2012
Y1 - 2012
N2 - Venous thrombosis typically involves the lower extremities. Rarely, it can occur in cerebral, splanchnic, or renal veins, with a frightening clinical impact. Other rare manifestations are upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis, that can complicate with pulmonary embolism and post-thrombotic syndrome, and retinal vein occlusion, significantly affecting the quality of life. This review is focused on venous thromboses at unusual extra-abdominal sites. Local infections or cancer are frequent in cerebral sinus-venous thrombosis. Upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis is mostly due to catheters or effort-related factors. Common risk factors are inherited thrombophilia and oral contraceptive use. Acute treatment is based on heparin; in cerebral sinus-venous thrombosis, local or systemic fibrinolysis should be considered in case of clinical deterioration. Vitamin-K antagonists are recommended for 3-6 months; indefinite anticoagulation is suggested for recurrent thrombosis or unprovoked thrombosis and permanent risk factors. However, such recommendations mainly derive from observational studies; there are no data about long-term treatment of retinal vein occlusion. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
AB - Venous thrombosis typically involves the lower extremities. Rarely, it can occur in cerebral, splanchnic, or renal veins, with a frightening clinical impact. Other rare manifestations are upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis, that can complicate with pulmonary embolism and post-thrombotic syndrome, and retinal vein occlusion, significantly affecting the quality of life. This review is focused on venous thromboses at unusual extra-abdominal sites. Local infections or cancer are frequent in cerebral sinus-venous thrombosis. Upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis is mostly due to catheters or effort-related factors. Common risk factors are inherited thrombophilia and oral contraceptive use. Acute treatment is based on heparin; in cerebral sinus-venous thrombosis, local or systemic fibrinolysis should be considered in case of clinical deterioration. Vitamin-K antagonists are recommended for 3-6 months; indefinite anticoagulation is suggested for recurrent thrombosis or unprovoked thrombosis and permanent risk factors. However, such recommendations mainly derive from observational studies; there are no data about long-term treatment of retinal vein occlusion. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW - THROMBOSES AT UNUSUAL SITES
KW - THROMBOSES AT UNUSUAL SITES
UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10807/39611
U2 - 10.1016/j.beha.2012.07.003
DO - 10.1016/j.beha.2012.07.003
M3 - Article
SN - 1521-6926
VL - 25
SP - 265
EP - 274
JO - BAILLIERE'S BEST PRACTICE IN CLINICAL HAEMATOLOGY
JF - BAILLIERE'S BEST PRACTICE IN CLINICAL HAEMATOLOGY
ER -