Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the relaxation state questionnaire (RSQ) in an Italian sample

Relaxation is a psychophysiological construct playing a vital role in well-being and counteracting the side effects of stress. Despite its relevance, self-report measures for assessing momentary relaxation are lacking in the literature. This study evaluates the psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Relaxation State Questionnaire (RSQ), which addresses this gap by assessing momentary relaxation across four dimensions (muscle tension, sleepiness, cardiovascular activity, and general relaxation). A representative sample of 151 Italian participants completed a survey with the RSQ and questionnaires assessing stress (Perceived Stress Questionnaire), state anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), and emotional dimensions (Self-Assessment Manikin). Results confirmed the four-factor structure with significant factor loadings (ranged from 0.526 to 0.901) and good model fit (χ²(29) = 60.387, p < 0.001; CFI = 0.965; TLI = 0.946; SRMR = 0.040; RMSEA = 0.085). Internal consistency was high (Cronbach's alpha: ranged from 0.808 to 0.864). Correlations with external measures validated the RSQ's ability to measure relaxation. These findings support the RSQ's reliability and validity in assessing relaxation states in an Italian-speaking population, highlighting its utility in both clinical and experimental settings.