Effects of dual-task resistance training and detraining on immunometabolic markers in institutionalized older adults

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a 12-week dual-task resistance training (RT) program on inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers in institutionalized older adults and assess the impact of detraining. Methods: The study followed a crossover experimental design. Participants were 11 older adults (mean age: 81.9 ± 3.0 years) completed baseline (week 1), post-control (weeks 14-15), post-training (week 28), and post-detraining (week 42) assessments over 42 weeks. Immunometabolic markers, including IL-10, IL-18, IL-17, TGF-β, sestrin-2, klotho, adiponectin, leptin, and irisin, were measured using ELISA kits. A 12-week dual-task resistance training program (weeks 16 to 27) carried out progressively, incorporating cognitive tasks during lower limb exercises. Cognitive complexity increased monthly, and detraining followed in weeks 29-41. Results: Results demonstrated a significant post-training increase in IL-10 (p=0.011) and a decrease in IL-18 (p<0.001), indicating improved inflammatory status. Metabolic markers such as sestrin-2 (p=0.016), klotho (p<0.001), adiponectin (p=0.019), and irisin (p = 0.009) also increased post-training. Notably, klotho and irisin levels remained elevated post-detraining, suggesting sustained benefits. Conclusion: Dual-task RT enhanced inflammatory and metabolic profiles, partially retaining benefits after detraining. This intervention presents a viable strategy to mitigate aging-related systemic health decline in vulnerable populations.