Economic Feasibility Assessment of Bio-Based Vitrimers from Agrifood Residues: a Step Toward Sustainable Circular Economy

The Cyclevit project, funded by Fondazione Cariplo, aims to develop innovative bio-based vitrimers—recyclable, self-healing polymers—using agricultural by-products (e.g., wheat straw, grape pomace, rice husk). A previous study discusses the use of combined autohydrolysis and organosolv treatments for recovering cellulose and lignin from agri-food waste more sustainably than traditional acid and alkaline hydrolysis. This work assesses the economic feasibility of producing bio-based vitrimers from agri-food residues using Monte Carlo simulations and a regression analysis, focusing on the minimum product selling price (MPSP). The average MPSP is €435.5 per kilogram, with potential reductions of 60% in best-case scenarios and increases of up to 400% in worst-case conditions. Key factors affecting MPSP include industrial performance metrics and raw material costs. The recycling design significantly reduces water consumption, aligning with green chemistry principles. However, the low technology readiness level (TRL) limits market competitiveness, highlighting the need for pilot-scale validation. Despite current economic challenges, bio-based vitrimers from agricultural residues demonstrates strong environmental benefits through enhanced resource efficiency and landfill diversion.