Early source limitation as a tool for yield control and wine quality improvement in a high-yielding red Vitis vinifera L. cultivar.

The effectiveness of pre-bloom leaf removal was investigated as a way to meet the legal limitations of yield per hectare and to enhance grape and wine quality. The study was carried out over the 2008-2009 vintages on a high-yielding Italian red cultivar (Vitis vinifera L., cultivar Ciliegiolo). The pre-bloom, long-lasting source limitation, following which led to the elimination of 75-80% of the leaves in the canopy, led to control of vine yield, through lower fruit-set, lighter berries and less compact clusters than the non-defoliated treatment. It also reduced the incidence of Botrytis rot and improved the concentration of soluble solids and phenolics in the must. According to vintage and degree of berry ripening at harvest, the 'Ciliegiolo' wines from early-defoliated vines had enhanced aroma and flavor compared with wines from non-defoliated vines. The wines had improved structure (higher polyphenol content), better color intensity (more anthocyanins) and more persistent and interesting olfactory and retro-olfactory assessments, as well as better aptitude to aging than those produced from non-defoliated vines.