TY - JOUR
T1 - Early nasal continuous positive airway pressure failure prediction in preterm infants less than 32 weeks gestational age suffering from respiratory distress syndrome
AU - Dell'Orto, Valentina
AU - Nobile, Stefano
AU - Correani, Alessio
AU - Marchionni, Paolo
AU - Giretti, Ilaria
AU - Rondina, Clementina
AU - Burattini, Ilaria
AU - Palazzi, Maria L.
AU - Carnielli, Virgilio P.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Background: Early continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and surfactant replacement are effective treatments for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). CPAP is the first line in preterm infants needing respiratory support, with surfactant replacement in case of CPAP failure (CPAP-F). Objectives: To analyze incidence and factors associated with CPAP-F in preterm infants with RDS. Design, Setting and Patients: Single-center retrospective database analysis (2004–2017) of inborn infants, gestational age (GA) 24 + 0/7–31 + 6/7 weeks, not intubated on admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, managed with CPAP. CPAP-F was defined as intubation and surfactant administration in the first 72 h of life; CPAP success (CPAP-S) was CPAP alone without need for additional RDS treatments. Demographic, respiratory, and clinical data associated with CPAP-F were studied using logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 562 infants met the inclusion criteria: 252 (44.8%) were CPAP-F and 310 (55.2%) were CPAP-S. The CPAP-F, compared to CPAP-S group, had lower GA and birth weight, and were less likely to receive antenatal steroids or to be vaginal births. Logistic regression showed that the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) ≥ 0.23 between 180 and 240 min of life (FiO2 180–240 min) was the strongest factor associated with CPAP-F (odds ratio: 16.01 [95% confidence interval: 10.34–24.81]). Conclusion: FiO2 180–240 min was highly predictive of CPAP-F in preterm infants. With this model for surfactant administration/CPAP-F, 11.2% of infants would have unnecessarily received treatment, but importantly, 27.7% would have been treated much earlier, with a potential reduction in air leaks and duration of mechanical ventilation.
AB - Background: Early continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and surfactant replacement are effective treatments for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). CPAP is the first line in preterm infants needing respiratory support, with surfactant replacement in case of CPAP failure (CPAP-F). Objectives: To analyze incidence and factors associated with CPAP-F in preterm infants with RDS. Design, Setting and Patients: Single-center retrospective database analysis (2004–2017) of inborn infants, gestational age (GA) 24 + 0/7–31 + 6/7 weeks, not intubated on admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, managed with CPAP. CPAP-F was defined as intubation and surfactant administration in the first 72 h of life; CPAP success (CPAP-S) was CPAP alone without need for additional RDS treatments. Demographic, respiratory, and clinical data associated with CPAP-F were studied using logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 562 infants met the inclusion criteria: 252 (44.8%) were CPAP-F and 310 (55.2%) were CPAP-S. The CPAP-F, compared to CPAP-S group, had lower GA and birth weight, and were less likely to receive antenatal steroids or to be vaginal births. Logistic regression showed that the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) ≥ 0.23 between 180 and 240 min of life (FiO2 180–240 min) was the strongest factor associated with CPAP-F (odds ratio: 16.01 [95% confidence interval: 10.34–24.81]). Conclusion: FiO2 180–240 min was highly predictive of CPAP-F in preterm infants. With this model for surfactant administration/CPAP-F, 11.2% of infants would have unnecessarily received treatment, but importantly, 27.7% would have been treated much earlier, with a potential reduction in air leaks and duration of mechanical ventilation.
KW - continuous positive airway pressure
KW - infant
KW - newborn
KW - premature
KW - respiratory distress syndrome
KW - surfactant
KW - continuous positive airway pressure
KW - infant
KW - newborn
KW - premature
KW - respiratory distress syndrome
KW - surfactant
UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10807/223444
U2 - 10.1002/ppul.25678
DO - 10.1002/ppul.25678
M3 - Article
SN - 8755-6863
VL - 56
SP - 3879
EP - 3886
JO - Pediatric Pulmonology
JF - Pediatric Pulmonology
ER -