@article{7f9e1cf765b447f3bacd1b581d429370,
title = "Drug use and upper gastrointestinal complications in children: a case-control study",
abstract = "OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk of upper gastrointestinal complications (UGIC) associated with drug use in the paediatric population. METHODS: This study is part of a large Italian prospective multicentre study. The study population included children hospitalised for acute conditions through the emergency departments of eight clinical centres. Patients admitted for UGIC (defined as endoscopically confirmed gastroduodenal lesions or clinically defined haematemesis or melena) comprised the case series; children hospitalised for neurological disorders formed the control group. Information on drug and vaccine exposure was collected through parental interview during the children's hospitalisation. Logistic regression was used to estimate ORs for the occurrence of UGIC associated with drug use adjusted for age, clinical centre and concomitant use of any drug. RESULTS: 486 children hospitalised for UGIC and 1930 for neurological disorders were enrolled between November 1999 and November 2010. Drug use was higher in cases than in controls (73% vs 54%; p<0.001). UGICs were associated with the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (adjusted OR 2.9, 95% CI 2.1 to 4.0), oral steroids (adjusted OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.7 to 4.8) and antibiotics (adjusted OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.8 to 3.1). The duration of use of these drug categories was short (range 1-8 days). Paracetamol showed a lower risk (adjusted OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.5 to 2.6) compared to ibuprofen (adjusted OR 3.7, 95% CI 2.3 to 5.9), although with partially overlapping CIs. CONCLUSIONS: NSAIDs, oral steroids and antibiotics, even when administered for a short period, were associated with an increased risk of UGIC.",
keywords = "Acetaminophen, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Humans, Infant, Italy, Logistic Models, Male, Prospective Studies, Risk, Upper Gastrointestinal Tract, Acetaminophen, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Humans, Infant, Italy, Logistic Models, Male, Prospective Studies, Risk, Upper Gastrointestinal Tract",
author = "Nadia Mores and Antonio Chiaretti and Costantino Romagnoli and Giulia Bersani and {De Nisco}, Alessia and Riccardo Riccardi and Francesca Menniti-Ippolito and {Da Cas}, Roberto and Luciano Sagliocca and Giuseppe Traversa and Fernanda Ferrazin and Carmela Santuccio and Loriana Tartaglia and Francesco Trotta and {Di Pietro}, Pasquale and Salvatore Renna and Rossella Rossi and Bianca Domenichini and Stefania Gamba and Francesco Trovato and Pier-Angelo Tovo and Manuela Bianciotto and Carmelina Calitri and Clara Gabiano and Irene Raffaldi and Antonio Urbino and {Da Dalt}, Liviana and Valentina Favero and Laura Giordano and Maura Baraldi and Federica Bertuola and Eleonora Lorenzon and Francesca Parata and Giorgio Perilongo and Silvia Vendramin and Monica Frassineti and Calvani, {Anna Maria} and Elena Chiappini and {De Martino}, Maurizio and Claudia Fancelli and Francesco Mannelli and Rachele Mazzantini and Sara Sollai and Elisabetta Venturini and Nicola Pirozzi and Umberto Raucci and Antonino Reale and Rossella Rossi and Vincenzo Tipo and Michele Dinardo and Teresa Pisapia and Annalisa Capuano and Elisabetta Parretta and Concita Rafaniello and Fortunata Fuc{\`a} and {Di Rosa}, Eleonora",
year = "2013",
doi = "10.1136/archdischild-2012-302100",
language = "English",
volume = "98",
pages = "218--221",
journal = "Archives of Disease in Childhood",
issn = "0003-9888",
publisher = "BMJ / British Medical Journal Publishing Group:PO Box 299, London WC1H 9TD United Kingdom:011 44 20 73836270, EMAIL: subscriptions@bmjgroup.com, INTERNET: http://www.bmjpg.com/bmj, Fax: 011 44 20 73836402",
}