Development of the beliefs about ventilation questionnaire (BVQ)

Background: The rejection or inappropriate usage of Non Invasive Ventilation (NIV) resulting unsuccessful treatments and in higher health care costs. Currently, there is a lack of a standardized instrument that assess NIV adherence. Aims and objectives: The main aim of this study is the development of the Beliefs about Ventilation Questionnaire (BVQ). Methods: The authors generated and randomized a list of statements patients have made about ventilation according to the scientific literature and clinical experience. The 25-item questionnaire was developed in Italian and translated in English, French and Spanish. A questionnaire based-survey was handed out to all inpatients and outpatients who are recommended to NIV usewith obstructive or restrictive respiratory diseases. Fifty-three participants were recruited at HD Respiratory Rehabilitation of Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, in Milan (Italy). Data collected were analyzed through factor analysis and structural equation models. Convergent validity with the actual utilization hours were assessed, as well as correlations with quality of life indexes. The BVQ was self-administered by the patients, in an Italian format.Each questionnaire took approximately fifteen minutes to complete. Results: The BVQ was administered to 53 consecutive participants referred to NIV use. A preliminary exploratory factor analysis provided good internal consistency and convergent validity, and acceptable to good test–retest reliability. Internal consistency was good (Cronbach's alpha >0,694). Conclusions: The BVQ should prove useful for researchers and clinicians interested in adherence to NIV.