TY - JOUR
T1 - Cardiac and Respiratory Influences on Intracranial and Neck Venous Flow, Estimated Using Real-Time Phase-Contrast MRI
AU - Laganà, Maria Marcella
AU - Pirastru, Alice
AU - Ferrari, Francesca
AU - Di Tella, Sonia
AU - Cazzoli, Marta
AU - Pelizzari, Laura
AU - Jin, Ning
AU - Zacà, Domenico
AU - Alperin, Noam
AU - Baselli, Giuseppe
AU - Baglio, Francesca
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - The study of brain venous drainage has gained attention due to its hypothesized link with various neurological conditions. Intracranial and neck venous flow rate may be estimated using cardiac-gated cine phase-contrast (PC)-MRI. Although previous studies showed that breathing influences the neck's venous flow, this aspect could not be studied using the conventional segmented PC-MRI since it reconstructs a single cardiac cycle. The advent of real-time PC-MRI has overcome these limitations. Using this technique, we measured the internal jugular veins and superior sagittal sinus flow rates in a group of 16 healthy subjects (12 females, median age of 23 years). Comparing forced-breathing and free-breathing, the average flow rate decreased and the respiratory modulation increased. The flow rate decrement may be due to a vasoreactive response to deep breathing. The respiratory modulation increment is due to the thoracic pump's greater effect during forced breathing compared to free breathing. These results showed that the breathing mode influences the average blood flow and its pulsations. Since effective drainage is fundamental for brain health, rehabilitative studies might use the current setup to investigate if respiratory exercises positively affect clinical variables and venous drainage.
AB - The study of brain venous drainage has gained attention due to its hypothesized link with various neurological conditions. Intracranial and neck venous flow rate may be estimated using cardiac-gated cine phase-contrast (PC)-MRI. Although previous studies showed that breathing influences the neck's venous flow, this aspect could not be studied using the conventional segmented PC-MRI since it reconstructs a single cardiac cycle. The advent of real-time PC-MRI has overcome these limitations. Using this technique, we measured the internal jugular veins and superior sagittal sinus flow rates in a group of 16 healthy subjects (12 females, median age of 23 years). Comparing forced-breathing and free-breathing, the average flow rate decreased and the respiratory modulation increased. The flow rate decrement may be due to a vasoreactive response to deep breathing. The respiratory modulation increment is due to the thoracic pump's greater effect during forced breathing compared to free breathing. These results showed that the breathing mode influences the average blood flow and its pulsations. Since effective drainage is fundamental for brain health, rehabilitative studies might use the current setup to investigate if respiratory exercises positively affect clinical variables and venous drainage.
KW - RT-PC MRI
KW - intracranial venous flow
KW - neck venous flow
KW - RT-PC MRI
KW - intracranial venous flow
KW - neck venous flow
UR - https://publicatt.unicatt.it/handle/10807/224729
UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85136548214&origin=inward
UR - https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85136548214&origin=inward
U2 - 10.3390/bios12080612
DO - 10.3390/bios12080612
M3 - Article
SN - 2079-6374
VL - 12
SP - 612-N/A
JO - Biosensors
JF - Biosensors
IS - 8
ER -