Biomechanical and Biological Multidisciplinary Strategies in the Orthodontic Treatment of Patients with Periodontal Diseases: A Review of the Literature

Orthodontic treatment aims to correct malocclusions and ensure the overall\r\nhealth and stability of the periodontium. The relationship between orthodontic therapy\r\nand periodontal health is intricate and multifaceted, and a comprehensive approach is\r\noften required to achieve optimal outcomes. Firstly, this article delves into the impact\r\nof orthodontic mechanics on periodontal tissues, emphasizing the importance of minimizing\r\niatrogenic effects such as root resorption and gingival recession. Understanding\r\nthe biomechanical principles allows for the development of treatment plans that mitigate\r\nthese risks while achieving the desired tooth movement. Effective communication and\r\ncoordinated treatment protocols are essential for managing periodontal issues before, during,\r\nand after orthodontic intervention. To optimize outcomes, periodontal considerations\r\nsuch as gingival biotype, attachment levels, and bone support must be integrated into\r\ntreatment planning. Additionally, adjunctive periodontal therapies such as selective alveolar\r\ndecortication and regenerative procedures are explored as valuable tools to enhance\r\nperiodontal support and optimize treatment outcomes. This narrative review explores\r\nstrategies to attain periodontal goals in orthodontic patients, thereby facilitating successful\r\ntreatment. Furthermore, the review examines the role of interdisciplinary collaborations\r\nbetween orthodontists and periodontists. In conclusion, achieving periodontal goals in\r\northodontic patients requires a comprehensive approach that addresses biomechanical\r\nprinciples, interdisciplinary collaboration, patient education, and adjunctive periodontal\r\ntherapies. By integrating periodontal considerations into orthodontic treatment planning\r\nand execution, clinicians can ensure straight teeth and a healthy and stable periodontium,\r\nultimately leading to successful treatment outcomes and long-term oral health.