Biology, Epidemiology, Clinical Aspects of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and the Role of Sorafenib

G Mazzoccoli*, Luca Miele, J Oben, Antonio Grieco, Maria Vinciguerra

*Autore corrispondente per questo lavoro

Risultato della ricerca: Contributo in rivistaArticolo

34 Citazioni (Scopus)

Abstract

Sorafenib is a small molecular inhibitor of intracellular tyrosine and serine/threonine protein kinases (VEGFR, PDGFR, CRAF and BRAF), and is thought also to induce autophagy, a chief mechanism influencing tumor growth. Sorafenib shows efficacy in the management of non-resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is refractory to other chemotherapeutic drugs. HCC represents a major end point of chronic liver diseases and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. In HCC patients Sorafenib increases overall survival compared to placebo. The most common chronic liver disease affecting up to 30% of the population in Western countries is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), an intra-hepatic amassing of triglycerides deemed as the hepatic manifestation of insulin resistance and obesity. NAFLD encompasses a range of disorders with grades of liver damage varying from steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hallmarked by hepatocellular injury/inflammation in the presence or not of fibrosis. NAFLD patients progress to NASH in 10% of cases, which may progress to cirrhosis and HCC. Recent exciting studies uncovered a potential therapeutic role for Sorafenib that goes beyond HCC, and extends to cirrhotic portal hypertensive syndrome during cirrhosis, and to selective anti-fibrotic effects mediated through direct inhibition of activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC), the cellular mediators of intra-hepatic matrix deposition. The aim of this review is to concisely summarize our current knowledge of the biology, epidemiology and clinical aspects of HCC, as well as the previously under-appreciated therapeutic efficacy of Sorafenib beyond HCC. The review therefore utilizes data along the spectrum of liver diseases, including from experimental via pre-clinical to clinical.
Lingua originaleInglese
pagine (da-a)783-799
Numero di pagine17
RivistaCurrent Drug Targets
Volume17
Numero di pubblicazione7
DOI
Stato di pubblicazionePubblicato - 2016

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

  • Medicina Molecolare
  • Farmacologia
  • Nuovi Farmaci
  • Biochimica Clinica

Keywords

  • Animals
  • Autophagy
  • Carcinoma
  • Clinical Trials as Topic
  • Female
  • Genetic Predisposition to Disease
  • Hepatocellular
  • Humans
  • Liver Neoplasms
  • Male
  • Niacinamide
  • Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
  • Phenylurea Compounds
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors
  • Survival Analysis
  • Treatment Outcome

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