Bio-remediation and mitigation of organic contaminants in the era of climate changes

In the present chapter, we addressed the possible links between climate changes and the fate, degradation, and mitigation of organic contaminants in the environment. Particular interest was devoted to techniques based on plants (phytoremediation, wetlands, and buffer strips), organic biomass residues (biobeds), as well as on bioremediation processes controlled by microorganisms. Climate change scenarios were identified, and the obtained info critically correlated on available info about the effects of climatic parameters (temperature, precipitations, soil humidity, pH, organic matter, and nutrients) on the fate, degradation, and mitigation of contaminants. We conclude that climate change most probably has a significant effect on the fate and behavior of contaminants, and a more limited effect on bioremediation and mitigation strategies. Since fate and behavior determine the exposure of biological receptor to contaminant toxicity, it will be very important to carry out risk assessment evaluations in the context of climate change. Bioremediation and mitigation will remain as powerful tool to address the ever increasing global pollution. Attention must be devoted to adapt these tools to climatic changes, in order to maintain and, if possible, improve their efficiencies.