Article 23 – Habitual Residence

I. References to habitual residence in the Rome II Regulation - II. The general notion of habitual residence in EU private international law: 1. A widely-used formula …; 2. … lacking an explicit legislative definition; 3. The general (and common) indicators of habitual residence…; 4. … and their possible declinations reflecting teleological and systematic considerations; 5. The relevant point in time for determining a person’s habitual residence; 6. Assessing habitual residence: a few examples from case law; 7. Hard cases - III. Companies and other bodies: 1. The place of central administration; 2. The place where the relevant business unit is located - IV. Natural persons acting in the course of a business activity: 1. The function of Art. 23 (2); 2. The scope of the provision; 3. The principal place of business - V. Cases falling under a special international convention pursuant to Art. 28.