TY - JOUR
T1 - Aggressive PitNETs and Potential Target Therapies: A Systematic Review of Molecular and Genetic Pathways
AU - Serioli, Simona
AU - Agostini, Ludovico
AU - Pietrantoni, Alberto
AU - Valeri, Federico
AU - Costanza, Flavia
AU - Chiloiro, Sabrina
AU - Buffoli, Barbara
AU - Piazza, Amedeo
AU - Poliani, Pietro Luigi
AU - Peris-Celda, Maria
AU - Iavarone, Federica
AU - Gaudino, Simona
AU - Gessi, Marco
AU - Schinzari, Giovanni
AU - Mattogno, Pier Paolo
AU - Giampietro, Antonella
AU - De Marinis, Laura
AU - Pontecorvi, Alfredo
AU - Fontanella, Marco Maria
AU - Lauretti, Liverana
AU - Rindi, Guido
AU - Olivi, Alessandro
AU - Bianchi, Antonio
AU - Doglietto, Francesco
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - Recently, advances in molecular biology and bioinformatics have allowed a more thorough understanding of tumorigenesis in aggressive PitNETs (pituitary neuroendocrine tumors) through the identification of specific essential genes, crucial molecular pathways, regulators, and effects of the tumoral microenvironment. Target therapies have been developed to cure oncology patients refractory to traditional treatments, introducing the concept of precision medicine. Preliminary data on PitNETs are derived from preclinical studies conducted on cell cultures, animal models, and a few case reports or small case series. This study comprehensively reviews the principal pathways involved in aggressive PitNETs, describing the potential target therapies. A search was conducted on Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science for English papers published between 1 January 2004, and 15 June 2023. 254 were selected, and the topics related to aggressive PitNETs were recorded and discussed in detail: epigenetic aspects, membrane proteins and receptors, metalloprotease, molecular pathways, PPRK, and the immune microenvironment. A comprehensive comprehension of the molecular mechanisms linked to PitNETs' aggressiveness and invasiveness is crucial. Despite promising preliminary findings, additional research and clinical trials are necessary to confirm the indications and effectiveness of target therapies for PitNETs.
AB - Recently, advances in molecular biology and bioinformatics have allowed a more thorough understanding of tumorigenesis in aggressive PitNETs (pituitary neuroendocrine tumors) through the identification of specific essential genes, crucial molecular pathways, regulators, and effects of the tumoral microenvironment. Target therapies have been developed to cure oncology patients refractory to traditional treatments, introducing the concept of precision medicine. Preliminary data on PitNETs are derived from preclinical studies conducted on cell cultures, animal models, and a few case reports or small case series. This study comprehensively reviews the principal pathways involved in aggressive PitNETs, describing the potential target therapies. A search was conducted on Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science for English papers published between 1 January 2004, and 15 June 2023. 254 were selected, and the topics related to aggressive PitNETs were recorded and discussed in detail: epigenetic aspects, membrane proteins and receptors, metalloprotease, molecular pathways, PPRK, and the immune microenvironment. A comprehensive comprehension of the molecular mechanisms linked to PitNETs' aggressiveness and invasiveness is crucial. Despite promising preliminary findings, additional research and clinical trials are necessary to confirm the indications and effectiveness of target therapies for PitNETs.
KW - aggressive PitNETs
KW - gene expression
KW - invasive PitNETs
KW - molecular pathway
KW - precision medicine
KW - target therapy
KW - aggressive PitNETs
KW - gene expression
KW - invasive PitNETs
KW - molecular pathway
KW - precision medicine
KW - target therapy
UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10807/262259
U2 - 10.3390/ijms242115719
DO - 10.3390/ijms242115719
M3 - Article
SN - 1422-0067
VL - 24
SP - N/A-N/A
JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
ER -