A prevalence study in Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy era

BACKGROUND: During recent years, a new population of HIV and HCV co-infected subjects has emerged presenting particular oral problems. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of oral lesions in HIV+ subjects and HIV and HCV co-infected subjects, to assess whether co-infection is a risk factor for the presence of oral lesions.METHODS: 200 HIV+ subjects were consecutively enrolled, divided into two groups: Group 1 (130 HIV+ subjects) and Group 2 (70 HIV-HCV co-infected subjects) and visited by two oral medicine specialists. Epidemiological, laboratory and clinical parameters were gathered to determine the possible risk factors for oral lesions.RESULTS: 52 on 200 subjects (26%) presented oral lesions: in Group 1, 25 on 130 subjects (19.23%) presented oral lesions, whereas in Group 2, 27 on 70 subjects (38.57%) presented oral lesions. Multivariate analysis showed that the following variables are statistically associated with the presence of oral lesions: HIV-HCV co-infection (OR = 2.32; 95% CI = 1.01-5.33: P < 0.05) and the use of drugs for the treatment of systemic diseases not associated with HIV (OR = 4.34; 95% CI = 1.78-5.33: P = 0.005).CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to assess, on the basis of our results, that co-infected patients are more prone than HIV mono-infected patients to develop oral lesions and thus should undergo strict oral medicine monitoring.