TY - JOUR
T1 - A practical guide to diagnostic transcranial magnetic stimulation: report of an IFCN committee
AU - Groppa, S.
AU - Oliviero, A.
AU - Eisen, A.
AU - Quartarone, A.
AU - Cohen, L. G.
AU - Mall, V.
AU - Kaelin-Lang, A.
AU - Mima, T.
AU - Rossi, S.
AU - Rossi, Serena
AU - Thickbroom, G. W.
AU - Rossini, Paolo Maria
AU - Ziemann, U.
AU - Valls-Solé, J.
AU - Siebner, H. R.
PY - 2012
Y1 - 2012
N2 - Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an established neurophysiological tool to examine the integrity of the fast-conducting corticomotor pathways in a wide range of diseases associated with motor dysfunction. This includes but is not limited to patients with multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke, movement disorders, disorders affecting the spinal cord, facial and other cranial nerves. These guidelines cover practical aspects of TMS in a clinical setting. We first discuss the technical and physiological aspects of TMS that are relevant for the diagnostic use of TMS. We then lay out the general principles that apply to a standardized clinical examination of the fast-conducting corticomotor pathways with single-pulse TMS. This is followed by a detailed description of how to examine corticomotor conduction to the hand, leg, trunk and facial muscles in patients. Additional sections cover safety issues, the triple stimulation technique, and neuropediatric aspects of TMS.
AB - Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an established neurophysiological tool to examine the integrity of the fast-conducting corticomotor pathways in a wide range of diseases associated with motor dysfunction. This includes but is not limited to patients with multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke, movement disorders, disorders affecting the spinal cord, facial and other cranial nerves. These guidelines cover practical aspects of TMS in a clinical setting. We first discuss the technical and physiological aspects of TMS that are relevant for the diagnostic use of TMS. We then lay out the general principles that apply to a standardized clinical examination of the fast-conducting corticomotor pathways with single-pulse TMS. This is followed by a detailed description of how to examine corticomotor conduction to the hand, leg, trunk and facial muscles in patients. Additional sections cover safety issues, the triple stimulation technique, and neuropediatric aspects of TMS.
KW - Biophysics
KW - Cortical Spreading Depression
KW - Electric Stimulation
KW - Electromyography
KW - Evoked Potentials, Motor
KW - Functional Laterality
KW - Guidelines as Topic
KW - Humans
KW - Muscle, Skeletal
KW - Nervous System Diseases
KW - Neural Conduction
KW - Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
KW - Biophysics
KW - Cortical Spreading Depression
KW - Electric Stimulation
KW - Electromyography
KW - Evoked Potentials, Motor
KW - Functional Laterality
KW - Guidelines as Topic
KW - Humans
KW - Muscle, Skeletal
KW - Nervous System Diseases
KW - Neural Conduction
KW - Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
UR - http://hdl.handle.net/10807/41159
U2 - 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.01.010
DO - 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.01.010
M3 - Article
VL - 123
SP - 858
EP - 882
JO - Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology
JF - Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology
ER -