Selective Axillary Dissection after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients with Lymph-Node-Positive Breast Cancer (CLYP Study): The Radio-Guided Occult Lesion Localization Technique for Biopsy-Proven Metastatic Lymph Nodes

(1) Background: To help to refine the accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in breast cancer (BC) patients with biopsy-proven nodal disease prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), a method of marking the biopsy-proven positive LN at diagnosis to enable its removal during surgery was proposed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the Radio-Guided Occult Lesion Localization (ROLL) technique of biopsy-proven metastatic LN in nodal staging after NACT among node-positive BC patients. (2) Methods: Patients with invasive BC and biopsy-proven axillary metastases receiving NACT were enrolled. A clip marker was placed on the sampled LN (clipped lymph node, CLN) before NACT. Before surgery, the ROLL procedure (radioactive tracer injection into CLN under ultrasound guidance) was performed, and the CLN was surgically resected. The correspondence between the CLNs and SLNs was evaluated. The pathologic findings of the CLNs and SLN(s) were compared with remaining axillary nodes at ALND to determine false negative rates (FNRs). (3) Results: Seventy-two patients were analyzed. Surgery successfully identified the CLN in 70/72 procedures (97.2%). For 60/72 patients who underwent ALND, the FNRs dropped from 19.35% for SLNB to 3.13% for CLN biopsy. (4) Conclusions: The ROLL procedure got CLNs is accurate in axillary nodal staging after NACT in node-positive BC patients at diagnosis.