Role of artificial mycorrhization on iron uptake in calcareous soil, on stilbene root synthesis and in other physiological processes in grapevine.

Mycorrhization is normally occurring in the grapevine, but the natural root infection can be increased by artificial inoculation of mychorrizal fungi when a vineyard is established, with different beneficial effects, as a way of low-input and sustainable agricultural practices. The paper represents a review of over 15-year- research activity of the Viticulture Institute of UCSC, carried out at both pot and field level, aiming at improving vine suitability to calcareous soils and drought, and at regulating the balance among vigour, grape production and quality. Root infection with AM fungus Glomus mosseae is able to alleviate symptoms of lime-induced chlorosis and to improve mineral nutrition, especially Fe uptake. Another effect is the enhancement of root stilbene (especially piceid) concentration in some rootstocks. The artificial mychorrization improves the vegetative growth of the young vines, while the grape yield of adult vines is positively affected without negative effects on quality. The treatment improves the vine suitability to drought stress in terms of dry matter production and grape sugar content